Rekonstruksi Akad Syariah dalam Platform Dompet Digital: Prinsip Fiqh Muamalah dan Disrupsi Teknologi di Indonesia

Abstract

• The rapid growth of digital wallet platforms has transformed transaction patterns and accelerated the development of a cashless society in Indonesia. However, the complexity of legal relationships among users, platform providers, merchants, and financial institutions raises questions regarding the suitability of existing contract structures with Islamic economic law principles. This study aims to analyze the contractual framework underlying digital wallet operations and formulate a reconstruction model of Sharia contracts that is more responsive to technological disruption. This research employs a qualitative approach using normative legal research and a conceptual analysis of fiqh muamalah, contemporary Islamic finance literature, regulations, and fatwas related to digital financial transactions. The findings indicate that digital wallet transactions cannot be adequately explained through a single contract model because they involve various legal activities, including fund storage, payment execution, fund transfers, and promotional services. Therefore, a multi-contract approach integrating wadī‘ah, qardh, wakālah, ijārah, hibah, and ju‘ālah is considered more capable of representing the legal reality of digital wallet ecosystems. The study further reveals that technological innovation is fundamentally compatible with Islamic law as long as it upholds transparency, justice, legal certainty, and protection from riba, gharar, and maysir. Consequently, the reconstruction of Sharia contracts should be based on maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah to ensure adaptability, legal certainty, and sustainable innovation within the digital financial ecosystem. This model is expected to contribute to the development of Islamic fintech governance and contemporary Islamic economic law in Indonesia.