Kesenjangan Regulasi dalam Pembiayaan Lingkungan: Analisis Hukum Kritis terhadap Instrumen Ekonomi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62007/joumi.v4i1.905Keywords:
economic instruments, environmental financing, regulatory gaps, sustainable developmentAbstract
Indonesia’s commitment following the ratification of the Paris Agreement has created substantial fiscal consequences, particularly because achieving its Nationally Determined Contribution requires funding support of up to IDR 3,779,63 trillion by 2030. Although environmental economic instruments have been regulated under Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, their implementation still reveals a gap between legal norms and practice. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Indonesia’s environmental financing mechanisms, ranging from environmental restoration guarantee funds to the regulation of a carbon tax under Law Number 7 of 2021. It applies a normative-evaluative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings show that Article 43 paragraph (2) of the Environmental Protection and Management Law remains operationally ambiguous, particularly regarding procedures for collecting, managing, and ensuring accountability for environmental funds. The current financing system is also largely passive and has not adopted a proactive approach comparable to the Superfund model. This condition may weaken the accountability of environmental fund management institutions, including the Indonesian Environment Fund. The study recommends an integrated regulatory reconstruction that aligns carbon taxation, green investment incentives, and environmental fund governance to strengthen sustainable development financing in Indonesia.
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